Savanna and forest at base of Cerro Yutajé

Abstract: close to 400 species are identified within a 10 km. radius of Yutajé Camp in northern Amazonas state, south central Venezuela. A wide diversity of habitat types are surveyed, including wetlands (rivers, forest streams, oxbow lagoons and Morichale swamp), Terra Firme and Varzea forest, dry and flooded savanna and the lower slopes of Yutajé Tepui, in addition to small patches of white sandy-soil woodland and forest. Numerous raptors include nesting Harpy Eagle (Harpia harpyja), Solitary Eagle (Harpyhaliaetus solitarius) and a notable range extension and breeding status are confirmed for Aplomado Falcon (Falco femoralis). Alleged low-hunting pressure, as enforced by Camp owners since the 70’s, has led to visibly high densities of Curassow spp. and other Cracids (as well as primates and other mammals). Wetlands such as flooded savanna, varzea scrub and morichale swamps hold numerous specialty species, including Agami Heron (Agamia agami), Point-tailed Palmcreeper (Berlepschia riker), lekking Amazonian Umbrellabird (Cephalopterus ornatus) and nesting Cherrie’s Antwren (Myrmotherula cherriei), and two white-sand forest specialists are confirmed, Black Manakin (Xenopipo atronitens) and White-shouldered Tanager (Tachyphonus phoenicius). The proximity of Cerro Yutajé leads to presence of Oilbird (Steatornis caripensis) and various altitude-specific Apodidae species as well as Tepui Parrotlet (Nannopsittaca panychlora) and Plain Antvireo (Dysithamnus mentalis). Forests include the usual cohorts of northern Amazonian Furnarids and Thamnophilids yet more resources are needed to survey forest canopy passerines, notably members of the Tyrannidae and Thraupidae. Additional time should be spent on the lower slopes of Yutajé Tepui in order to fully evaluate the full species composition (including possible Tepui endemics) of this ecologically diverse and biogeographically distinct part of the Venezuelan Guiana region (Stotz et al., 1996).

From top to bottom: Yutajé’s high-density patchwork of habitat include savanna, Terre firme, Varzea and lower Tepui slope forests and slash-and-burn gardens; Forest border along Manapiare river; Great Potoo, Nyctibius grandis . (c) Valerie Druguet

List:

Great Tinamou Tinamus major	Forests throughout, a few active nests found
Cinereous Tinamou Crypturellus cinereus	Savanna forest border
Undulated Tinamou Crypturellus undulates	Riverine woodland along Yutajé River and slash and burn second growth at Pto Nuevo. One active nest found.
Little Tinamou Crypturellus soui	Forests throughout
Variegated Tinamou Crypturellus variegates	Savanna forest border
Neotropic Cormorant Phalacrocorax brasilianus	Most visible in dry season, flocks up and down Manapiare river
Anhinga Anhinga anhinga	Flocks of 100+ overhead in rainy season, otherwise lone individuals foraging along Manapiare river
White-faced Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna viduata	Flooded savanna
Black-bellied Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna autumnalis	Flooded savanna
Muscovy Duck Cairina moschata	Large flocks in flooded savanna, lone individuals along Corocoro tributary (breeding?)
Blue-winged Teal Anas discors	Flooded savanna, winter
Masked Duck Nomonyx dominicus	Reported by JF Raggi, Manapiare flood plain.
Zigzag Heron Zebrilus undulates	Varzea
Rufescent Tiger-Heron Tigrisoma lineatum	Forest border along Manapiare river
Cocoi Heron Ardea cocoi	Manapiare river
Great Egret Ardea alba	Large flocks overhead, rainy season; flooded savanna
Snowy Egret Egretta thula	Flooded savanna
Little Blue Heron Egretta caerulea	Manapiare river
Tricolored Heron Hydranassa tricolor	A few records, lower Manapiare River and flooded savanna, January 1997
Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis	Savanna (w/cattle) and flooded savanna
Striated Heron Butorides striatus	Forest border Manapiare river
Green Heron Butorides virescens	One record Feb 1998
Agami Heron Agamia agami	Manapiare River at border of Varzea/flooded savanna. Multiple sightings.
Whistling Heron	‘Regular in dry season”, fide Raggi - Manapiare floodplain.
Capped Heron Pilherodius pileatus	Occasional lower Manapiare river, gallery forest in flooded savanna
Black-crowned Night-Heron Nycticorax nycticorax	Occasional Manapiare river
Yellow-crowned Night-Heron Nyctanassa violacea	One record April 1997
Boat-billed Heron Cochlearius cochlearius	Manpiare river
Green Ibis Mesembrinibis cayennensis	Manapiare, Yutajé and Corocoro rivers
Bare-faced Ibis Phimosus infuscatus	Flooded savanna, dry season, small flocks of less than 10 ind
Roseate Spoonbill Ajaia ajaja	Flooded savanna, dry season, ‘regular”, fide Raggi
Wood Stork Mycteria Americana	Flooded savanna + small oxbow lagoon (Pto Nuevo – large flock, March 1998)
Jabiru Jabiru mycteria	Manapiare river and flooded savanna. 2 nests, active in dry AND rainy season
Maguari Stork Euxenura maguari	1, June 2006, in flight, flooded savanna, from airplane, approaching YUtajé camp from south
King Vulture Sarcoramphus papa	Throughout
Black Vulture Coragyps atratus	Throughout
Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura	Throughout
Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture Cathartes burrovianus	Throughout
Greater Yellow-headed Vulture Cathartes melambrotus	Throughout
Osprey Pandion haliaetus	Manapiare and Yutajé rivers, Oct-March
Grey-headed Kite Leptodon cayanensis	Occasional sightings, Manapiare River
Hook-billed Kite Chondrohierax uncinatus	1 July 1997, Manapiare river
Swallow-tailed Kite Elanoides forficatus	Throughout, flocks – one flock dipping into Manapiare river near Cascada Yutajé to drink, July 1996
Pearl Kite Gampsonyx swainsonii	1 record flooded savanna July 1996
White-tailed Kite Elanus leucurus	2 records, 1 Yutajé savanna July 1996, 2 together “Yavi” savanna June 1997
Double-toothed Kite Harpagus bidentatus	Occasional sightings, following Saki monkeys, forests throughout
Plumbeous Kite Ictinia plumbea	Throughout, found nesting Pto Nuevo slash and burn gardens
Crane Hawk Geranospiza caerulescens	Occasional sightings forest and savanna/ forest border. Pair flying over savanna attacked by F. femoralis (July 1998)
Bicolored Hawk Accipiter bicolor	Occasional sightings, 1 feeding off hummingbird species at flowering Inga tree August 1996
White Hawk Leucopternis albicollis	Occasional throughout
Black-faced Hawk Leucopternis melanops	1 record January 2006, Transitional forest - Yutajé
Savanna Hawk Buteogallus meridionalis	Yutajé savanna, nest found
Great Black-Hawk Buteogallus urubitinga	Regular sightings Manapiare river
Black-collared Hawk Busarellus nigricollis	Flooded savanna
Solitary Eagle Harpyhaliaetus solitarius	1 record October 2008
Roadside Hawk Buteo magnirostris	Throughout
Short-tailed Hawk Buteo brachyurus	Regular sightings above open-vegetation ridge of southwestern slope of Cerro Yutajé
White-tailed Hawk Buteo albicaudatus	Savanna
Harpy Eagle Harpia harpyja	Nest found Corocoro river, known by Piaroa community members of Pto Nuevo, visited July 1996, 1 adult (plumage) at nest. No birds seen following year. Possible individual sighted following southern slope Cerro Yutajé, above canopy, same year.
Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle Spizastur melanoleucus:	Body parts in possession of Piaroa community members, Pto Nuevo, June 1999
Black Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus tyrannus	Regular sightings Manapiare river
Ornate Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus ornatus	1 sighting Manapiare river June 1997
Black Caracara Daptrius ater:	Manapiare river
Red-throated Caracara Ibycter americanus	Forests throughout
Northern Crested Caracara Caracara cheriway	Savanna, 1 active nest found March 1998
Slaty-backed Forest-Falcon Micrastur mirandollei	1 visual July 1998
Collared Forest-Falcon Micrastur semitorquatus	Recorded (DAT), Varzea and transitional forest
Aplomado Falcon Falco femoralis	Savanna, regular, 1 active nest found June 1997
Bat Falcon Falco rufigularis	Manapiare river
Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus	1, possibly 2 individuals, December 1996, flooded savanna
Little Chachalaca Ortalis motmot	Local. Savanna/forest border. Fledgling found June 2006 inside ‘transitional’ near Camp
Spix’s Guan Penelope jacquacu	Throughout, frequent
Blue-throated Piping-Guan Pipile cumanensis	Manapiare river border, frequent
Crestless Curassow Mitu tomentosa	Throughout, frequent
Black Curassow Crax alector	Throughout, frequent
Crested Bobwhite Colinus cristatus	Savanna
Marbled Wood-Quail Odontophorus gujanensis	Forests throughout
Grey-necked Wood-Rail Aramides cajanea	Manapiare river border
Purple Gallinule Porphyrula martinica	Flooded savanna
Sungrebe Heliornis fulica	Occasional sightings Manapiare river
Sunbittern Eurypyga helias	Regular sightings Manapiare river
Limpkin Aramus guarauna	Border of Varzea/flooded savanna
Grey-winged Trumpeter Psophia crepitans	Forests throughout, common ‘pet’ at Puerto Nuevo
Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis	Occasional, Manapiare river and savanna (airstrip)
Wattled Jacana Jacana jacana	Oxbow lagoon/Manapiare river and flooded savanna
Pied Plover Hoploxypterus cayanus	Occasional, Manapiare river
Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa flavipes	Flooded savanna
Solitary sandpiper Tringa solitaria	Manapiare river
Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularia	Manapiare and Yutajé rivers
South American Snipe Gallinago paraguaiae	Flooded savanna
Black Skimmer Rynchops nigra	Occasional, Manapiare river, dry season
Scaled Pigeon Columba speciosa	Varzea
Pale-vented Pigeon Columba cayennensis	Throughout
Ruddy Pigeon Columba subvinacea	Varzea
Eared Dove Zenaida auriculata	Flooded savanna, small groups
Common Ground-Dove Columbina passerine	Savanna
Ruddy Ground-Dove Columbina talpacoti	Savanna
Blue Ground-Dove Claravis pretiosa	1 record April 1997, Yutajé Camp, small flock in flight
Grey-fronted Dove Leptotila rufaxilla	Forests throughout
Ruddy Quail-Dove Geotrygon Montana	Forests throughout
Red-and-green Macaw Ara chloroptera	Most frequent of 2 larger Ara species
Scarlet Macaw Ara macao	Occasional pairs or solitary individuals joining flocks of A. chloroptera
Chestnut-fronted Macaw Ara severa	Morichale/Varzea/breeding slash and burn forests Pto Nuevo and Morichale
Red-bellied Macaw Orthopsittaca manilata	Morichale, Varzea/breeding slash and burn forests Pto Nuevo and Morichale
Brown-throated Parakeet Aratinga pertinax	Occasional Savanna/forest border, Morichale and flooded savanna
Painted Parakeet Pyrrhura picta	Occasional Manapiare river border
Maroon-tailed Parakeet Pyrrhura melanura	Regular Manapiare river border. Small foraging flocks
Tepui Parrotlet Nannopsittaca panychlora	Occasional flocks overhead, 1 of ca. 100 ind. in camp, foraging, December 1996, forest canopy
Scarlet-shouldered Parrotlet Touit huetii	Occasional sightings, rainy season, far over head – in pairs
Black-headed Parrot Pionites melanocephala	Forests throughout
Orange-cheeked Parrot Pionopsitta barrabandi	Forests throughout
Blue-headed Parrot Pionus menstruus	Forests throughout
Yellow-crowned Parrot Amazona ochrocephala	Forests throughout
Orange-winged Parrot Amazona amazonica	Forests throughout
Mealy Parrot Amazona farinosa	1 captive individual, taken from nest when chick, Pto Nuevo – said to be “from area”
Coccyzus sp.	March 1997, foraging in canopy of Terra firme forest, ‘white-breasted’ cuckoo, C. euleri or C. americanus
Dark-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus melacoryphus	4 records from July 1996, Manapiare river, forest border, includiing 2 ind foraging together in viney tangles above water. Of austral migrant population?
Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana	Throughout, nest with young July 1997, Savanna, patch of scrub woodland near forest border
Black-bellied Cuckoo Piaya melanogaster	Throughout
Greater Ani Crotophaga major	Manapiare river
Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani	Savanna
Striped Cuckoo Tapera naevia	Morichale
Rufous-winged Ground-Cuckoo – Neomorphus rufipennis	Seen regularly w/ Peccary, Fide Raggi, Pto Nuevo community members, when hunting
Barn Owl Tyto alba	1 savanna/forest border, airstrip April 1997
Tropical Screech-Owl Otus choliba	Manapiare river border; nesting inferred: one baby owl taken as pet by Pto Nuevo community members
Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl Glaucidium brasilianum	1 savanna/forest border July 1997, mobbed by SF Tyrannulet, Gnatcatcher, B-b tanagers
Crested Owl Lophostrix cristata	1 after dusk Tepui slope terra firme July 1996
Spectacled Owl Pulsatrix perspicillata	Occasionally heard, Manapiare river border, in camp
Oilbird Steatornis caripensis	Occasional, dry and rainy season, Manapiare river, at night. Both heard (above) and seen (river edge vegetation). Breeding cave on Cerro Yutajé or Corocoro?
Great Potoo Nyctibius grandis	Manapiare river border. Frequent in camp.
Common Potoo Nyctibius griseus	Frequent Yutajé savanna/forest border
Short-tailed Nighthawk Lurocalis semitorquatus	Regular observations, lone individuals, Manapiare river, dusk
Lesser Nighthawk Chordeiles acutipennis	Savanna; one ind. found roosting on ground beneath bush in March 1998, next to airstrip
Pauraque Nyctidromus albicollis	Throughout
Rufous Nightjar Caprimulgus rufus	Yutajé savanna
Blackish Nightjar Caprimulgus nigrescens	1 sighting flooded forest, base of Cerro Yutajé, July 1996, daytime perched on branch overhanging stream
Spot-tailed Nightjar Caprimulgus maculicaudus	Yutajé Savanna
White-collared Swift Streptoprocne zonaris	Large foraging flocks overhead, descending from Cerro Yutajé to feed over savanna, forest and rivers
Tepui Swift Cypseloides phelpsi	Occasional observations of lone individuals with foraging flocks of S. zonaris
Short-tailed Swift Chaetura brachyuran	Occasional sightings, Manapiare river, Varzea.
Band-rumped Swift Chaetura spinicauda	Manapiare river, frequent
Grey-rumped Swift Chaetura cinereiventris	Manapiare river, frequent
Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift Panyptila cayennensis	Occasional. Found nesting Yutajé Camp.
Neotropical Palm-Swift Tachornis squamata	Throughout
Rufous-breasted Hermit Glaucis hirsute	Terra firme & transitional forests
Pale-tailed Barbthroat Threnetes niger	Terra firme & transitional forests
White-bearded Hermit Phaethornis hispidus	Throughout
Rupurumi Hermit Phaethornis rupurumii	Throughout; lek found at border of Terra Firme forest on lower, southern slope of Cerro Yutajé, January 2006, in amongst giant ground bromeliads.
Eastern Long-tailed Hermit Phaethornis superciliosus	Throughout
Reddish Hermit Phaethornis ruber	Throughout, active nest found February 1999, found displaying in rainy season 1996 and 97
Grey-breasted Sabrewing Campylopterus largipennis	Terra firme & transitional
White-necked Jacobin Florisuga mellivora	Throughout
Black-throated Mango Anthracothorax nigricollis	Savanna
Ruby-topaz Hummingbird Chrysolampis mosquitus	Flooded savanna
Tufted Coquette Lophornis ornatus	2 sightings, 1 July 1996 flowering Inga tree with other hummers, 1 December 1996 savanna forest border
Lophornis/Discosura sp.	1 female, white band on rump, flowering Inga with other hummers
Blue-chinned sapphire Chlorestes notatus	Throughout
Fork-tailed Woodnymph Thalurania furcata	Forest throughout, seems fond of large Heliconia patches in Terra firme
Rufous-throated Sapphire Hylocharis sapphirina	occasional sightings flowering trees on Manapiare river/forest border
White-chinned Sapphire Hylocharis cyanus	Forest border, Manapiare river, frequent; males found advertising in June/July (rainy season) in stunted part of transitional forest
Green-tailed Goldenthroat Polytmus theresiae	Savanna/terra firme forest border, occasional sightings
White-chested Emerald Amazilia chionopectus	Savanna
Versicolored Emerald Amazilia versicolor	Throughout
Glittering-throated Emerald Amazilia fimbriata	Slash and burn gardens, Pto Nuevo
Black-eared Fairy Heliothryx aurita	Forests throughout
Long-billed Starthroat Heliomaster longirostris	Savanna, river/forest border
Black-tailed Trogon Trogon melanurus	Forests throughout
Amazonian White-tailed Trogon Trogon viridis	Forests throughout, nests in arboreal termite mounds and ant nests
Amazonian Violaceous Trogon Trogon violaceus	Forests throughout, nests in arboreal termite mounds and ant nests
Ringed Kingfisher Megaceryle torquata	Rivers throughout, breeding confirmed, large groups in rainy season
Amazon Kingfisher Chloroceryle amazona	Rivers throughout
Green Kingfisher Chloroceryle Americana	Rivers throughout
Green-and-rufous Kingfisher Chloroceryle inda	Rivers throughout, inside Varzea, transitional forests and along streams in Terre Firme
Pygmy Kingfisher Chloroceryle aenea	Rivers throughout, inside varzea, transitional forests and along streams in Terre Firme
Blue-crowned Motmot Momotus momota	Forest throughout, nests found
Brown Jacamar Brachygalba lugubris	Forest canopy and border, Manapiare river
Yellow-billed Jacamar Galbula albirostris	Seen once along stream, in understory of Terra firme forest beneath Cerro Yutajé, and recorded (DAT) in Varzea forest, Manapiare River.
Green-tailed Jacamar Galbula galbula	Throughout
Great Jacamar Jacamerops aureus	Terra firme (lower Tepui slope and lowland)
Russet-throated Puffbird Hypnelus ruficollis	December 1996
Rusty-breasted Nunlet Nonnula rubecula	1 record inside forest July 1997.
Spotted Puffbird Bucco tamatia	Possible DAT recording (background) 1997/ Occasional observations hence, river /forest border. Nest found in arboreal termite mound (palm tree) lower Manapiare river/varzea forest border, july 1998.
Black Nunbird Monasa atra	Forests throughout
Swallow-winged Puffbird Chelidoptera tenebrosa	Rivers, throughout, Nests found.
Gilded Barbet Capito auratus	Forests throughout
Many-banded Aracari Pteroglossus pluricinctus	Forests throughout
Ivory-billed Aracari Pteroglossus azara	Forests throughout
Green Aracari Pteroglossus viridis	Forests throughout
Channel-billed Toucan Ramphastos vitellinus	Forests throughout
White-throated Toucan Ramphastos tucanus – red-billed form	Forests throughout
Golden-spangled Piculet Picumnus exilis	Forests throughout
Spot-breasted Woodpecker Chrysoptilus punctigula	Flooded savanna/forest border, lower Manapiare river
Chestnut Woodpecker Celeus elegans	Forests throughout
Scale-breasted Woodpecker Celeus grammicus	Forests throughout
Cream-coloured Woodpecker Celeus flavus	Forests throughout
Ringed Woodpecker Celeus torquatus	Forests throughout
Lineated Woodpecker Dryocopus lineatus	Throughout
Yellow-tufted Woodpecker Melanerpes cruentatus	Forests throughout, most visible slash and burn/forest borders, Pto Nuevo
Red-crowned Woodpecker Melanerpes rubricapillus	Savanna woodland, gallery forest
Woodpecker sp. Veniliornis cassini/affinis	2 records, january 1997 & march 1998, transitional forest ; with high-canopy mixed spp. flocks
Crimson-crested Woodpecker Campephilus melanoleucos	Throughout
Pale-breasted Spinetail Synallaxis albescens	Forest/savanna border (especially scrub woodland), savanna woodland ‘islands’, dense savanna woodland
Plain-crowned Spinetail Synallaxis gujanensis	1 record, July 1998, transitional forest trail, Yutajé camp
Ruddy Spinetail Synallaxis rutilans	Forests throughout
Yellow-chinned Spinetail Certhiaxis cinnamomea	Flooded savanna
Point-tailed Palmcreeper Berlepschia rikeri	Sound recording (DAT) march 1998 Morichale swamp/dry season
Cinnamon-rumped Foliage-gleaner Philydor pyrrhodes	Transitional forest near Pto Nuevo (mistnet)
Rufous-tailed Foliage-gleaner Philydor ruficaudatus	1 sighting, mixed spp. canopy flock, January 1997
Buff-throated Foliage-gleaner Automolus ochrolaemus	Forests throughout
Plain Xenops Xenops minutus	Forests throughout
Tawny-throated Leaftosser Sclerurus mexicanus	recorded July 1997; 2 birds answered to playback, transitional forest. Pair? 1 in mistnet.
Plain-brown Woodcreeper Dendrocincla fuliginosa:	Forests throughout
Wedge-billed Woodcreeper Glyphorynchus spirurus	Forests throughout
Long-billed Woodcreeper Nasica longirostris	Varzea and transitional
Amazonian Barred Woodcreeper Dendrocolaptes certhia	Forests throughout
Black-banded Woodcreeper Dendrocolaptes picumnus	Forests throughout
Striped Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus obsoletus	Forests throughout
Buff-throated Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus guttatus	Forests throughout
Lineated Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes albolineatus	1 record, gallery forest lower Manapiare river - varzea/flooded savanna border, January 2006
Fasciated Antshrike Cymbilaimus lineatus	Varzea forest /river border, Manapiare river
Great Antshrike Taraba major	Slash and burn forest border (second growth), Pto Nuevo
Blackish-grey Antshrike Thamnophilus nigrocinereus	Varzea forest border, Manapiare river
White-shouldered antshrike Thamnophilus aethiops	Forests throughout – predominantly Terra Firme ?
Guianan Slaty-Antshrike Thamnophilus punctatus	Forest/savanna border, scrub woodland and savanna forest-‘islands’, gallery forest, second growth
Amazonian Antshrike Thamnophilus amazonicus	Forest throughout
Spot-winged Antshrike Pygiptila stellaris	Forest throughout
Plain Antvireo Dysithamnus mentalis	First identified by song around Pto Nuevo in July 2006, pair seen in viney tangles above slight incline with boulder outcrops on trail leading to fresh slash and burn
Dusky-throated Antshrike Thamnomanes ardesiacus	Forest throughout
Cinereous Antshrike Thamnomanes caesius	Terra firme, most frequently seen at antswarms
Pygmy Antwren Myrmotherula brachyuran	Varzea/river border, Manapiare River
Cherrie’s Antwren Myrmotherula cherriei	Varzea and varzea scrub/flooded savanna border. Found nesting in low-canopied varzea, lower Manapiare river, in overhanging branch a few meters above water; nest, male and female filmed with video camera. Habitat fitting description of habitat in Hilty : ‘thickets and palm-filled borders of low-canopied, seasonally flooded forest’
(Guianan Streaked-Antwren Myrmotherula surinamensis)	Possible confusion with former (?). Ind. birds seen throughout, alone or with mixed species flocks, including Terra firme
Rufous-bellied Antwren Myrmotherula guttata	Forests throughout
White-flanked Antwren Myrmotherula axillaris	Forest throughout
Long-winged Antwren Myrmotherula longipennis	1 sighting, army ant swarm, Terra firme lower Tepui slope
Spot-backed Antwren Herpsilochmus dorsimaculatus	Varzea forest, river border, lower Manapiare river
White-fringed Antwren Formicivora intermedia	Forest/savanna border, scrub woodland and savanna forest-‘islands’, including white sand areas.
Grey Antbird Cercomacra cinerascens	Viney tangles in forests throughout
(Dusky Antbird Cercomacra tyrannina)	Possible recording in background (DAT) february 1999 – varzea forest/river border
White-browed Antbird Myrmoborus leucophrys	Forests throughout, in addition to gallery forest and forest/savanna borders
Black-chinned Antbird Hypocnemoides melanopogon	Forests throughout, near water
Dot-backed Antbird Hylophylax punctulata	Varzea forest, on territory daytime vocalizations in rainy season
Scale-backed Antbird Hylophylax poecilinota	Forests throughout
Spot-winged Antbird Schistocichla leucostigma	I individual female, western (lower) slope of Cerro Yutajé, small stream, alarm calling, Juy 1996
Silvered Antbird Sclateria naevia	Varzea/river border, Manapiare River
White-bellied Antbird Myrmeciza longipes	Forest/savanna border, scrub woodland/patches of stunted forest, savanna forest-‘islands’, gallery forest, second growth (slash and burn) – and transitional forest. Probably ‘most common’ understory antbird.
Black-throated Antbird Myrmeciza atrothorax	Forests throughout
White-plumed Antbird Pithys albifrons	Occasional sightings, antswarms or ‘random’
Rufous-throated Antbird Gymnopithys rufigula	Forests throughout; frequent alarm calling
Rufous-capped Antthrush Formicarius colma	Forests throughout
Slender-footed Tyrannulet Zimmerius gracilipes	Occasional sightings throughout, with mixed species flocks
White-lored Tyrannulet Ornithion inerme	1 sighting in high canopy mixed species flock, Terra firme, July 1996
Yellow-crowned Tyrannulet Tyrannulus elatus	Forests throughout
Gray Elaenia , Myiopagis caniceps	1 sighting, January 1997 with high canopy mixed species flock
Forest Elaenia Myiopagis gaimardii	Occasional sightings in Mixed spp. flocks, medium and high-canopied Terra Firme
Yellow-crowned Elaenia Myiopagis flavivertex	1 record, mistnetted, lower tier, streamside, Terra Firme forest, January 1997
Yellow-bellied Elaenia Elaenia flavogaster	Savanna
Lesser Elaenia Elaenia chiriquensis	Savanna (+mistnet)
Plain-crested Elaenia Elaenia cristata	Savanna (+mistnet)
Rufous-crowned Elaenia Elaenia ruficeps	2 sightings, gallery forest, Yutajé River, foraging with mixed species flock.
Yellow Tyrannulet Capsiempis flaveola	Slash and burn gardens, Puerto Nuevo.
Ochre-bellied Flycatcher Mionectes oleaginous	Varzea and transitional forest; males displaying December/January
Sepia-capped Flycatcher Leptopogon amaurocephalus	Terra Firme & transitional (mistnet)
Ringed Antpipit Corythopis torquata	Forests throughout
Helmeted Pygmy-Tyrant Lophotriccus galeatus	Forests throughout; including slash and burn, second growth, forest/savanna border
Slate-headed Tody-Flycatcher Poecilotriccus sylvia	slash and burn, second growth, forest/savanna border & scrub woodland
Painted Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum pictum	Forests throughout, nesting confirmed march 1998 (Terre firme tree fall gap)
Rufous-tailed Flatbill Ramphotrigon ruficauda	Forests throughout
Yellow-olive Flatbill Tolmomyias sulphurescens	Forest borders, slash and burn gardens, second growth (Pto Nuevo/nesting)
Grey-crowned Flatbill Tolmomyias poliocephalus	Forest borders; found nesting on forest/river border (Manapiare river), in Myrmecophyte, low down, at river’s edge
(Zimmer’s Flatbill Tolmomyias assimilis)	Possible ID in Terra Firme forest, lower tepui slope
Ochre-lored Flatbill Tolmomyias flaviventris	Second growth of slash and burn gardens and transitional forest (savanna/forest borders w/ mixed spp. flocks)
White-crested Spadebill Platyrinchus platyrhynchos	1 record July
Cinnamon-crested Spadebill Platyrinchus saturatus	1 sighting streamside, lower tier of Terra firme forest March 1997. Mistnet.
Golden-crowned Spadebill Platyrinchus coronatus	2 birds, male displaying, Terra firme lower Tepui slope July 1996
Amazonian Royal Flycatcher Onychorhynchus coronatus	Frequent sightings near Yutajé camp, stream banks near bridge in transitional forest (trail). Old nest found.
Ruddy-tailed Flycatcher Terenotriccus erythrurus	Forests throughout
Vermilion flycatcher Pyrocephalus rubinus	Flooded savanna, Manapiare flood plain
Amazonian Black Tyrant Knipolegus poecilocercus	2 sightings, 1 terra firme forest, streamside, with mixed species flock, July 1996; 1 varzea/river border, Manapiare river, March 1998
Pied Water-Tyrant Fluvicola pica	Flooded savanna, occ sightings on river Manapiare (dry season)
White-headed Marsh-Tyrant Arundinicola leucocephala	Flooded savanna
Bright-rumped Attila Attila spadiceus	Forests throughout
Cinnamon Attila Attila cinnamomeus	Varzea forest
Greyish Mourner Rhytipterna simplex	Forests throughout
(Pale-bellied Mourner Rhytipterna immunda)	Possible sighting gallery forest/flooded savanna border, lower Manapiare river, January 2006 (dry season)
Dusky-Capped Flycatcher, Myiarchus tuberculifer	1 sighting, transitional forest, pair inside forest, foraging along open trail
Swainson’s Flycatcher Myiarchus swainsoni	Forest border/Manapiare river
Short-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus ferox	Forest borders, frequent w/ mixed spp. flocks
Brown-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus tyrannulus	Savanna woodland
Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus:	Flooded savanna
Lesser Kiskadee Philohydor lictor:	1 record July 1996, Corocoro river, inside terra firme forest and multiple in gallery forest/savanna border, lower Manapiare river.
Rusty-margined Flycatcher Myiozetetes cayanensis	In camp, breeding; savanna forest borders
Streaked Flycatcher Myiodynastes maculates	Forest borders, slash and burn gardens/second growth
Piratic Flycatcher Legatus leucophaius	Associated with C. cela
Sulphury Flycatcher Tyrannopsis sulphurea	Morichale swamp, breeding
Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus	Throughout
Fork-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus savanna	Throughout; either in large flocks or breeding (males displaying in savanna)
Thrush-like Schiffornis Schiffornis turdinus	Forests throughout
Screaming Piha Lipaugus vociferans	Interesting non occurrence of this otherwise common Amazonian species, minus one bird heard July 1998 in medium canopied forest at base of Cerro Yutajé, and picture-perfect imitations offered by displaying male C. cela near Camp (DAT recorded). Breeds in area? Interviewees confirmed that “yes, within walking distance, towards Yavi”, a Tepui east of Yutajé.
Cinereous mourner Laniocera hypopyrra	Forests throughout
White-winged Becard Pachyramphus polychopterus	Yutajé camp, gallery forest (Yutajé river), forest/savanna borders
Black-capped Becard Pachyramphus marginatus	1 sighting, canopy, Transitional forest, January 1997
Pink-throated Becard Platypsaris minor	Slash and burn garden, 1 breeding pair, Pto Nuevo, July 20062
Black-crowned Tityra Tityra inquisitor	Savanna woodland (seen entering nesting cavity)
Black-tailed Tityra Tityra cayana	Throughout
Spangled Cotinga Cotinga cayana	Forests throughout. Loose group of males seen in display posture, Transitional forest, near Yutajé Camp. Joins mixed species flocks.
Bare-necked Fruitcrow Gymnoderus foetidus	Throughout, often in flight. Occasionally seen perched in Cecropia stands, Pto Nuevo
Amazonian Umbrellabird Cephalopterus ornatus	Lek of males found in same spot 97, 98 and again in 2006. Varzea/river border, Manapiare river
Guianan Cock-of-the-Rock Rupicola rupicola	2 Females feeding in canopy together on lower western slope of Cerro Yutajé, July 1996; ind. males seen July 1996 and again in 2006, Transitional forest border, Yutajé Camp. Purported Leks on slopes of Cerro YUtajé and nearby Cerro Corocoro, fide Pto. Nuevo community members.
Striped Manakin Machaeropterus regulus	Forests throughout
Black Manakin Xenopipo atronitens	1 record, July 1996, foraging with mixed species flock, scrub woodland
White-bearded Manakin Manacus manacus	Throughout; numerous leks, including one very large in patch of stunted forest at base of Cerro Yutajé.
Golden-headed Manakin Pipra erythrocephala	Throughout; numerous leks
Yellow-crested Manakin Heterocercus flavivertex	1 record gallery forest Yutajé river, 1 record varzea scrub forest border, lower Manapiare river
Dwarf Tyrant-Manakin Tyranneutes stolzmanni	Forests throughout
Gray-chested Greenlet Hylophilus semicinereus	Manapiare river/forest borders
Violaceous Jay Cyanocorax violaceus:	Throughout
Brown-chested Martin Progne tapera	Flooded savanna
Grey-breasted Martin Progne chalybea	Flooded savanna
White-winged Swallow Tachycineta albiventer	Flooded savanna
White-banded Swallow Atticora fasciata	Manapiare river
White-thighed Swallow Neochelidon tibialis	Occasional sightings. 1 pair seen hunting, perched, vocalizing on consecutive weeks at same location, small savanna patch/forest border (f), July 1997. Nesting?
Southern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis	Manapiare river
Bank Swallow Riparia riparia	Occasional migrant
Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica	Occasional migrant
Black-capped Donacobius Donacobius atricapillus	Flooded savanna
Buff-breasted Wren Thryothorus leucotis	Throughout along river/forest borers
House Wren Troglodytes aedon	Puerto Nuevo slash and burn area, Yutajé Camp, savanna woodland
Long-billed Gnatwren Ramphocaenus melanurus	Forests throughout
Tropical Gnatcatcher Polioptila plumbea	Savanna woodland
Lawrence’s Thrush Turdus lawrencii	Brought in using playback of T. fumigatus in varzea forest of lower Manapiare river, July 1997. Strong yellow bill. Completely unexpected. Important range extension.
(Pale-breasted Thrush Turdus leucomelas)	Turdus resembling description of this spcies seen and heard singing intermittently at base of Cerro Yutajé in stunted lower slope woodland and along river at border of ‘transitional’ forest.
Cocoa Thrush Turdus fumigatus	Varzea forest.
White-necked Thrush Turdus albicollis	1 record, transitional forest, March 1998. Understory.
Yellow warbler Dendroica aestiva	1 record, march 1998, Manapiare river/forest border
Blackpoll Warbler Dendroica striata	Regular, in with flocks of T. viridis
Masked Yellowthroat Geothlypis aequinoctialis	1 record, singing male, March 1998, Morichale
Bananaquit Coereba flaveola	Infrequent
Black-faced Tanager Schistochlamys melanopis:	Savanna woodland
Yellow-backed Tanager Hemithraupis flavicollis:	Forests throughout, a regular of mixed species flocks.
White-lined Tanager Tachyphonus rufus	Savanna woodland.
Flame-crested Tanager Tachyphonus cristatus:	Forests throughout/borders, canopies
Fulvous-crested Tanager Tachyphonus surinamus	Forests throughout/borders, canopies
Red-shouldered Tanager Tachyphonus phoenicius	One record, lower Tepui slope stunted woodland, July 1996. This patch of habitat (h) is located directly ‘above’ patch of white sand Savanna/scrub woodland (n). See map.
White-shouldered Tanager Tachyphonus luctuosus	Occasional records, second growth and slash and burn gardens.
Silver-beaked Tanager Ramphocelus carbo	Forest borders, second growth and slash and burn gardens (higher densities?)
Blue-grey Tanager Thraupis episcopus	Throughout
Palm Tanager Thraupis palmarum	Throughout
Violaceous Euphonia Euphonia violacea	Forests throughout (typical of foraging mixed species flocks in Cecropia stands, slash and burn second growth, Pto Nuevo)
White-vented Euphonia Euphonia minuta	Forests throughout
Purple-throated Euphonia Euphonia trinitatis	Savanna woodland
Rufous-bellied Euphonia Euphonia rufiventris	Occasional records, with canopy flocks, forests (including gallery forest)
Plumbeous Euphonia Euphonia plumbea	Second growth, slash and burn, forest borders, nesting Campamento Yutajé, March 1998
White-lored Euphonia Euphonia chrysopasta	Forest canopy borders, second growth, slash and burn gardens, nesting Campamento Yutajé, March 1998
Burnished-buff Tanager Tangara cayana:	Savanna woodland, scrub woodland, forest borders
Turquoise Tanager Tangara mexicana:	Throughout; nesting Campamento Yutajé July 1998
Opal-rumped Tanager Tangara velia:	Frequent, forest border and canopy flocks; core species of foraging mixed species flocks in Cecropia stands, slash and burn second growth, Pto Nuevo.
Paradise Tanager Tangara chilensis	Occasional, Terra Firme, canopy flocks
Spotted Tanager Tangara punctata	1 record, with mixed species flock, forest border, base of Cerro Yutajé, July 1996
Blue Dacnis Dacnis cayana	Throughout
Black-faced Dacnis Dacnis lineata	Male and female together, July 1996 with mixed-spp. flock including Blue Dacnis, Spangled Cotinga, Swallow Tanager
White-bellied Dacnis Dacnis albiventris	1 record, male and female, gardens Pto Nuevo
Yellow-bellied Dacnis Dacnis flaviventer	With Mixed species flock, Varzea (date?)
Short-billed Honeycreeper Cyanerpes nitidus	Throughout (honeycreeper spp. typical of foraging mixed species flocks in Cecropia stands, slash and burn second growth, Pto Nuevo)
Purple Honeycreeper Cyanerpes caeruleus	Throughout
Red-legged Honeycreeper Cyanerpes cyaneus	Throughout
Swallow-Tanager Tersina viridis	Throughout, flocks
Buff-throated Saltator Saltator maximus	Throughout, forests borders, slash and burn second growth and gardens, Pto Nuevo)
Blue-black Grosbeak Cyanocompsa cyanoides	Throughout (frequent slash and burn second growth and gardens, Pto Nuevo)
Red-capped Cardinal Paroaria gularis	Flooded savanna
Blue-black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina	Savanna (males displaying)
Chestnut-bellied Seed-Finch Oryzoborus angolensis	Savanna (woodland/forest border/scrub). Found nesting.
Large-billed Seed-Finch Oryzoborus crassirostris	1 record, Morichale swamp
Grey Seedeater Sporophila intermedia	Savannas
Lined Seedeater Sporophila minuta	Savannas
Plumbeous seed-eater Sporophila plumbea	1 record male and female together, Morichale swamp
Yellow-bellied Seedeater Sporophila nigricollis	Savannas
Ruddy-breasted Seedeater Sporophila minuta	Savannas
Orange-fronted Yellow-Finch Sicalis columbiana:	Flooded savanna
Pectoral Sparrow Arremon taciturnus	Savanna
Yellow-hooded Blackbird Agelaius icterocephalus	Flooded savanna
Red-breasted Blackbird Sturnella militaris	Flooded and dry savanna
Giant Cowbird Molothrus oryzivora	Sightings at C. cela colonies
Moriche Oriole Icterus chrysocephalus	Morichale and nesting in thatched palm roofs of Campamento Yutajé
Yellow-rumped Cacique Cacicus cela	Throughout
Crested Oropendola Psarocolius decumanus	Regular sightings throughout; nesting Pto Nuevo
Olive Oropendola Psarocolius yuracares	Colonies throughout. Forms large feeding flocks.